![]() In the 1990's, an American named David Hannauer maximized the cross-finger range by adding a second thumb hole, raising the range to the eleventh or one octave plus a fourth. With the addition of a thumb hole, the range in increased to include one tone above the octave. With just four (4) holes, a full chromatic scale to the octave is possible. In the 1960's, an Englishman named John Taylor introduced the four hole cross finger tuning for ocarina, which increases the ability for the player to incorporate virtuosic elements to the music. Ocarina ensembles were formed, playing together on different size ocarinas.ĭuring WWII, Americans were introduced to the ocarina, and playing one became a pastime for soldiers. Italy saw the greatest development of the ocarina, in the 1800's, where the instrument became quite popular. Travelers from Europe brought some South American whistles back to Europe, where the instrument was refined so as to play the Western do-re-mi scale. ![]() The Mayans of South America used them for special ceremonies. They have been credited with magical as well as whimsical properties, imitating bird calls, and used as courting instruments. They can be found in Asia, South America, Europe, Africa, and maybe even some places that haven't been discovered! Most are made from clay, although ocarinas have been found of bone, wood, antler, seed pod, seaweed, jade, quartz, metal, fimo, and plastic. The ocarina has been around since the Stone Age.
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